Daily consumption of milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduces cell adhesion molecules in healthy children☆
Received 28 October 2008; received in revised form 19 August 2009; accepted 20 August 2009. published online 26 November 2009. Corrected Proof
Abstract
Background and aims
Several studies have suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals have beneficial effects on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in adults.
Methods and results
We examined the effects of a daily intake of milk enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for 5 months, on several cardiovascular (CVD) risk biomarkers in healthy children aged 8–14 years. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, a total of 107 children of both genders were assigned to two study groups: 1) a supplemented group (SG, n=53) who consumed 0.6L/day of an enriched dairy product, and 2) a control group (CG, n=54) who consumed 0.6L/day of standard whole milk. Both groups consumed the dairy drinks for 5 months, in addition to their usual diet. Serum levels of adhesion molecules as indices of vascular endothelial cell activation were assessed in both groups at 0 and 5 months as well as white blood cell counts, lipid profile, serum proteins, total serum calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, glucose, insulin and adiponectin. In the enriched dairy drink supplemented group, adhesion molecules E-selectin and ICAM-1 as well as lymphocyte levels decreased while plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and serum calcium concentrations increased. In the control group, serum total protein, transferrin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin concentrations decreased.
Conclusion
The consumption of a milk enriched with fish oil, oleic acid, minerals and vitamins reduced indices of endothelial cell activation in the studied group of healthy children.
aImmunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Instituto del Frío, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
bUnit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
cEducational Sciences Faculty, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
dEducation Agency of Junta de Andalucía in Granada, Granada, Spain
eNutrition and Health Department, Puleva Biotech S. A., Granada, Spain
Corresponding author. Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Instituto del Frío, C/José Antonio Novais, 10 28040 Madrid, Spain. Tel.: +34 91 5445607; fax: +34 91 5493627.
☆ This study was financially supported by PULEVA FOOD S.L. Spain. The analysis and reporting of the present original article have been independent of the funding organization (PULEVA FOOD S.L). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) has no financial interest with any industry. None of the authors had a personal or financial conflict of interest.
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