Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 19, Issue 11 , Pages 797-804 , December 2009

Prominent role of low HDL-cholesterol in explaining the high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome

  • A. Gambineri

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • A. Repaci

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • L. Patton

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • I. Grassi

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • P. Pocognoli

      Affiliations

    • Day-Surgery Center, Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • G.E. Cognigni

      Affiliations

    • Day-Surgery Center, Gynepro Medical, Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • F. Pasqui

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • U. Pagotto

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • ,
  • R. Pasquali

      Affiliations

    • Division of Endocrinology, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +39 051 6364147; fax: +39 051 6363080.

Received 27 June 2008 ,Revised 10 December 2008 ,Accepted 29 January 2009.

References 

  1. Knochenhauer ES, Key TJ, Kahsar-Miller M, Waggoner W, Boots LR, Azziz R. Prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected black and white women of the southeastern United States: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:3078–3082
  2. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In:  Dunaif A,  Givens JR,  Haseltine FP,  Merriam GR editor. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1992;p. 59–69
  3. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASMR-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group . Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:41–47
  4. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Vicennati V, Pagotto U, Pasquali R. Obesity and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26:883–896
  5. Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanisms and implications for pathogenesis. Endocr Rev. 1997;18:774–780
  6. Poretsky L, Cataldo NA, Rosenwaks Z, Giudice LC. The insulin-related ovarian regulatory system in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 1999;20:535–582
  7. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Manicardi E, Vicennati V, Cacciari M, Morselli-labate AM, et al. Glucose intolerance in a large cohort of Mediterranean women with polycystic ovary sindrome. Diabetes. 2004;53:2353–2358
  8. Orio F, Palomba S, Spinelli L, Cascella T, Tauchmanova L, Zullo F, et al. The cardiovascular risk of young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an observational, analytical, prospective case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3696–3701
  9. Galluzzo A, Amato MC, Giordano C. Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18:511–518
  10. Expert Panel on Detection . Evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults: executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  11. International Diabetes Federation . Worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. Available at: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta-syndrome_definition.pdf[accessed 24.08.05]
  12. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. American Heart Association: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Circulation. 2005;112:2735–2752
  13. Glueck CJ, Papanna R, Wang P, Goldenberg N, Sieve-Smith L. Incidence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in newly referred women with confirmed polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2003;52:908–915
  14. Apridonidze T, Essah PA, Iurno MJ, Nestler JE. Prevalence and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:1929–1935
  15. Essah PA, Nestler JE. The metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;29:270–280
  16. Soares EM, Azevedo GD, Gadelha RG, Lemos TM, Maranhao TM. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2008;89:649–655
  17. Carmina E, Napoli N, Longo RA, Rini GB, Lobo RA. Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): lower prevalence in southern Italy than the USA and the influence of criteria for the diagnosis of PCOS. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;154:141–145
  18. Hanh S, Tan S, Sack S, Kimmig R, Quadbeck B, Mann K, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in German women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2007;115:130–135
  19. Weerakiet S, Bunnag P, Phakdeekitcharoen B, Wansumrith S, Chanprasertyothin S, Jultanmas R, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Asian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007;23:153–160
  20. Amato MC, Galluzzo A, Merlino S, Mattina A, Richiusa P, Criscimanna A, et al. Lower insulin sensitivity differentiates hirsute from non-hirsute Sicilian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155:859–865
  21. Amato MC, Galluzzo A, Finocchiaro S, Criscimanna A, Giordano C. The evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity for a more robust diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008;69:52–60
  22. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) National Center for Health Statistics . Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. Hyattsville, MD: Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 1996;
  23. Skilton MR, Moulin P, Sérusclat A, Nony P, Bonnet F. A comparison of the NCEP–ATPIII, IDF and AHA/NHLBI metabolic syndrome definitions with relation to early carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or at risk of CVD: evidence for sex-specific differences. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190:416–422
  24. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, Pasquali R. Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1876–1880
  25. Ferriman D, Gallwey JD. Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1961;21:1440–1447
  26. Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Genghini S, Morselli-Labate AM, Cacciari M, Pagotto U, et al. Effect of flutamide and metformin administered alone or in combination in dieting obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004;60:241–249
  27. World Health Organization . Measuring obesity-classification and description of anthropometric data. Copenhagen: World Health Org.; 1988;(Eur/ICP/NUT 125-0612v)
  28. Pasquali R, Gambineri A, Anconetani B, Vicennati V, Colitta D, Caramelli E, et al. The natural history of the metabolic syndrome in young women with the polycystic ovary syndrome and the effect of long-term oestrogen-progestagen treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;50:517–527
  29. Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3666–3672
  30. Mather KJ, Hunt AE, Steinberg HO, Paradisi G, Hook G, Kats A, et al. Repeatability characteristic of simple indices of insulin resistance: implications for research applications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:5457–5464
  31. Matusda M, De Fronzo RA. Insulin sensitivity indices obtained from oral glucose tolerance testing. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1462–1470
  32. Ehrmann DA, Liljenquist DR, Kasza K, Azziz R, Legro RS, Ghazzi MN. For the PCOS/Troglitazone Study Group. Prevalence and predictors of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:48–53
  33. Carmina E, Legro R, Stamets K, Lowell J, Lobo RA. Differences in body weight between American and Italian women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: influence of the diet. Hum Reprod. 2003;11:2289–2293
  34. Sartorio A, Agosti F, Adorni F, Pera F, Lafortuna CL. Effect of age, degree and distribution of adiposity on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a cohort of obese Italian women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78:225–233
  35. Ritchie SA, Connell JMC. The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17:319–326
  36. Laclaustra M, Corella D, Ordovas JM. Metabolic sindrome pathophysiology: the role of adipose tissue. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17:125–139
  37. Gordon DJ, Rifkind BM. High-density lipoprotein-the clinical implications of recent studies. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1311–1316
  38. Li XA, Titlow WB, Jackson BA, Giltiay N, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Uittenbogaard A, et al. High density lipoprotein binding to scavenger receptor, Class B, type I activities endothelial nitric-oxide synthase in a ceramide-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:11058–11063
  39. Nofer JR, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Wolinska I, von Wnuck Lipinski K, Baba HA, et al. HDL induces NO-dependent vasorelaxation via the lysophospholipid receptor S1P3. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:569–581
  40. Reaven GM. The metabolic syndrome: requiescat in pace. Clin Chem. 2005;51:931–938

PII: S0939-4753(09)00028-3

doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.01.007

Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 19, Issue 11 , Pages 797-804 , December 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution