Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 258-265 , May 2010

Plant sterols from rapeseed and tall oils: Effects on lipids, fat-soluble vitamins and plant sterol concentrations

  • E. Heggen

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +47 22 11 99 82; fax: +47 22 11 99 75.
    • ,
  • L. Granlund

      Affiliations

    • Mills DA, Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • J.I. Pedersen

      Affiliations

    • The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • I. Holme

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway
    • ,
  • U. Ceglarek

      Affiliations

    • The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • J. Thiery

      Affiliations

    • The Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • B. Kirkhus

      Affiliations

    • Matforsk AS, Nofima Mat, Aas, Norway
    • ,
  • S. Tonstad

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway

Received 17 November 2008 ,Revised 22 February 2009 ,Accepted 1 April 2009.

References 

  1. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Jones P, Law M, Miettinen T, Paoletti R. Efficacy and safety of plant stanols and sterols in the management of blood cholesterol levels. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:965–978
  2. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection . Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143–3421
  3. Poli A, Marangoni F, Paoletti R, Mannarino E, Lupattelli G, Notarbartolo A, et al. Non-pharmacological control of plasma cholesterol levels. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008;18:S1–S16
  4. Jones PJH, Howell T, MacDougall DE, Feng JY, Parsons W. Short-term administration of tall oil phytosterols improves plasma lipid profiles in subjects with different cholesterol levels. Metabolism. 1998;47:751–756
  5. Miettinen TA, Puska P, Gylling H, Vanhanen H, Vartiainen E. Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1308–1312
  6. Maki KC, Davidson MH, Umporowicz DM, Schaefer EJ, Dicklin MR, Ingram KA, et al. Lipid responses to plant-sterol-enriched reduced-fat spreads incorporated into a National Cholesterol Education Program Step I diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:33–43
  7. Neil HAW, Meijer GW, Roe LS. Randomised controlled trial of use by hypercholesterolaemic patients of a vegetable oil sterol-enriched fat spread. Atherosclerosis. 2001;156:329–337
  8. Plat J, Mensink R. Plant stanol and sterol esters in the control of blood cholesterol levels: mechanism and safety aspects. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(1A):15D–22D
  9. Lütjohann D, von Bergmann K. Phytosterolaemia: diagnosis, characterization and therapeutical approaches. Ann Med. 1997;29:181–184
  10. Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Sitosterolemia – a rare disease. Are elevated plant sterols an additional risk factor?. Z Kardiol. 2004;93:921–928
  11. Brevik A, Andersen LF, Karlsen A, Trygg KU, Blomhoff R, Drevon CA. Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58:1166–1173
  12. Lembke J, Ceglarek U, Fiedler GM, Baumann S, Leichtle A, Thiery J. Rapid quantification of free and esterified phytosterols in human serum using APPI-LC-MS/MS. J Lipid Res. 2005;46:21–26
  13. Tonstad S, Strom EC, Bergei CS, Ose L, Christophersen B. Serum cholesterol response to replacing butter with a new trans-free margarine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001;11:320–326
  14. Law M. Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. BMJ. 2000;320:861–864
  15. Madsen MB, Jensen AM, Schmidt EB. The effect of a combination of plant sterol-enriched foods in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Clin Nutr. 2007;26(6):792–798
  16. Fernandez C, Suarez Y, Ferruelo AJ, Gomez-Coronado D, Lasuncion MA. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by Delta22-unsaturated phytosterols via competitive inhibition of sterol Delta24-reductase in mammalian cells. Biochem J. 2002;366:109–119
  17. Kaneko E, Matsuda M, Yamada Y, Tachibana Y, Shimomura I, Makishima M. Induction of intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporters by a phytosterol-derived liver X-receptor agonist. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:36091–36098
  18. Berger A, Jones PJH, Abumweis SS. Plant sterols: factors affecting their efficacy as functional food ingredients. Lipids Health Dis. 2004;3:5
  19. Richelle M, Enslen M, Hager C, Groux M, Tavazzi I, Godin JP, et al. Both free and esterified plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption and the bioavailability of β-carotene and α-tocopherols in normocholesterolemic humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80171–80177
  20. Jha P, Flather M, Lonn E, Farkouh M, Yusuf S. The antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease: a critical review of epidemiologic and clinical trial data. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:860–872
  21. Noakes M, Clifton P, Ntanios F, Shrapnel W, Record I, McInerney J. An increase in dietary carotenoids when consuming plant sterols or stanols is effective in maintaining plasma carotenoid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;5:79–86
  22. Thompson GR, Grundy SM. History and development of plant sterol and stanol esters for cholesterol-lowering purposes. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96(Suppl 1A):3–9
  23. Fransen HP, de Jong N, Wolfs M, Verhagen H, Verschuren WMM, Lütjohann D, et al. Customary use of plant sterol and plant stanol enriched margarine is associated with changes in serum plant sterol and stanol concentrations in humans. J Nutr. 2007;137:1301–1306
  24. Korpela R, Tuomilehto J, Högström P, Seppo L, Piironen V, Salo-Väänänen P, et al. Safety aspects and cholesterol-lowering efficacy of low fat dairy products containing plant sterols. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60:633–642
  25. Calpe-Berdiel L, Escolà-Gil JC, Blanco-Vaca F. New insights into the molecular actions of plant sterols and stanols in cholesterol metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2009;203(1):18–31.
  26. Assmann G, Cullen P, Erbey J, Ramey DR, Kannenberg F, Schulte H. Plasma sitosterol elevations are associated with an increased incidence of coronary events in men: results of a nested case-control analysis of the prospective cardiovascular Münster (PROCAM) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16:13–21
  27. Wilund KR, Yu L, Xu F, Vega GL, Grundy SM, Cohen JC, et al. No association between plasma levels of plant sterols and atherosclerosis in mice and men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2326–2332
  28. Fassbender K, Lütjohann D, Dik MG, Bremmer M, König J, Walter S, et al. Moderately elevated plant sterol levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk – The LASA study. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196(1):283–288
  29. Pinedo S, Vissers MN, von Bergmann K, Elharchaoui K, Lütjohann D, Luben R, et al. Plasma levels of plant sterols and the risk of future coronary artery disease in healthy men and women; the prospective Epi-Norfolk population study. J Lipid Res. 2007;48:139–144
  30. Chan YM, Varady KA. Plasma concentrations of plant sterols: physiology and relationship with coronary heart disease. Nutr Rev. 2006;64:385–402

PII: S0939-4753(09)00095-7

doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.001

Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Volume 20, Issue 4 , Pages 258-265 , May 2010

Article Tools