Abstract
Background and aims
To investigate the impact of a diet modeled on the traditional Cretan Mediterranean
diet on metabolic control and vascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
Methods and results
Twenty-seven subjects (47–77 yrs) with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to consume
either the intervention diet ad libitum or their usual diet for 12 weeks and then cross over to the alternate diet. Most
of the meals and staple foods for the intervention diet were provided. Lipids, glycemic
variables, blood pressure, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, plasma carotenoids and
body composition (anthropometry and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) were assessed
at baseline, and at the end of both diet periods. Dietary adherence was monitored
using plasma carotenoid and fatty acid (FA) analysis, complemented by diet diaries.
Compared with usual diet, on the ad libitum Mediterranean intervention diet glycosylated haemoglobin fell from 7.1% (95% CI:
6.5–7.7) to 6.8% (95% CI: 6.3–7.3) (p=0.012) and diet quality improved significantly [plant:animal (g/day) food ratio increased
from 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.5) to 5.4 (95% CI: 4.3–6.6) (p<0.001)], plasma lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin increased (36% and 25%, respectively),
plasma saturated and trans FAs decreased, and monounsaturated FAs increased.
Conclusion
A traditional moderate-fat Mediterranean diet improves glycemic control and diet quality
in men and women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes, without adverse effects on
weight.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 02, 2010
Accepted:
March 25,
2010
Received in revised form:
March 14,
2010
Received:
October 16,
2009
Footnotes
☆Supported in part by grants from the NHMRC in Australia, Diabetes Australia, and Diabetes CCRE (Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Clinical Science in Diabetes).
☆Australian Clinical Trials Registration Number (ACTRN): ACTRN012607000394448.
Identification
Copyright
© 2010 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
