Highlights
- •DHA-rich canola oil increases adiponectin compared with PUFA from plant sources.
- •Anti-inflammatory effects of DHA may occur through down-regulation of IL1B.
- •MUFA-rich regular canola oil reduces hs-CRP compared with PUFA from plant sources.
Abstract
Background and aims
Little is known about the effect of various dietary fatty acids on pro- and anti-inflammatory
processes. We investigated the effect of 5 oils containing various amounts of alpha-linolenic
acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on
plasma inflammatory biomarkers and expression levels of key inflammatory genes and
transcription factors in whole blood cells.
Methods and results
In a randomized, crossover controlled nutrition intervention, 114 adult men and women
with abdominal obesity and at least one other criterion for the metabolic syndrome
consumed 5 experimental isoenergetic diets for 4 weeks each, separated by 4-week washout
periods. Each diet provided 60 g/3000 kcal of different oils: 1) control corn/safflower
oil blend (CornSaff; LA-rich), 2) flax/safflower oil blend (FlaxSaff; ALA-rich), 3)
conventional canola oil (Canola; OA-rich), 4) high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic;
highest OA content), 5) DHA-enriched high oleic canola oil (CanolaDHA; OA- and DHA-rich).
Gene expression in whole blood cells was assessed in a subset of 62 subjects. CanolaDHA
increased plasma adiponectin concentrations compared with the control CornSaff oil
treatment (+4.5%, P = 0.04) and FlaxSaff (+6.9%, P = 0.0008). CanolaDHA also reduced relative expression levels of interleukin (IL)1B compared with CornSaff and Canola (−11% and −13%, respectively, both P = 0.03). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations were lower after Canola
than after FlaxSaff (−17.8%, P = 0.047).
Conclusion
DHA-enriched canola oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects compared with polyunsaturated
fatty acids from plant sources.
CLINICALTRIALS.GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE: NCT01351012; March 14, 2011.
Keywords
Acronyms:
ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), BMI (body mass index), BP (blood pressure), CCL2 (chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2), cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid), COMIT (Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial), CRP (C-reactive protein), CV (coefficient of variation), Ct (cycle threshold), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), hs-CRP (high-sensitivity CRP), IDF (International Diabetes Federation), IL (interleukin), LA (linoleic acid), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), MetSyn (metabolic syndrome), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids), NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa-B subunit 1), NPR3 (natriuretic peptide receptor C), OA (oleic acid), PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), PPARA (PPAR alpha), PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids), RNA (ribonucleic acid), SD (standard deviation), SFA (saturated fatty acids), SREBF2 (sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2), TG (triglycerides), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), TRAF3 (TNF receptor-associated factor 3)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 19, 2014
Accepted:
August 9,
2014
Received in revised form:
July 18,
2014
Received:
May 22,
2014
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
