Highlights
- •Coffee drinking had some favorable effects on health in the general populations.
- •Such favorable effects in patients with type 2 diabetes have not been established.
- •Higher coffee drinking may be associated with a lower risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease in diabetes.
- •More research is needed considering type of coffee, sugar and cream added to coffee, and history of cardiovascular disease.
Abstract
Aims
To evaluate the long-term consequences of coffee drinking in patients with type 2
diabetes.
Data synthesis
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences were searched to November 2020 for prospective
cohort studies evaluating the association of coffee drinking with risk of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers extracted
data and rated the certainty of evidence using GRADE approach. Random-effects models
were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Dose–response associations
were modeled by a one-stage mixed-effects meta-analysis. Ten prospective cohort studies
with 82,270 cases were included. Compared to those with no coffee consumption, the
HRs for consumption of 4 cups/d were 0.79 (95%CI: 0.72, 0.87; n = 10 studies) for
all-cause mortality, 0.60 (95%CI: 0.46, 0.79; n = 4) for CVD mortality, 0.68 (95%CI:
0.51, 0.91; n = 3) for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, 0.72 (95%CI: 0.54,
0.98; n = 2) for CHD, and 0.77 (95%CI: 0.61, 0.98; n = 2) for total CVD events. There
was no significant association for cancer mortality and stroke. There was an inverse
monotonic association between coffee drinking and all-cause and CVD mortality, and
inverse linear association for CHD and total CVD events. The certainty of evidence
was graded moderate for all-cause mortality, and low or very low for other outcomes.
Conclusions
Drinking coffee may be inversely associated with the risk of mortality in patients
with type 2 diabetes. However, more research is needed considering type of coffee,
sugar and cream added to coffee, and history of CVD to present more confident results.
Registry and registry number
The protocol of this systematic review was registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/8uaf3, registered form: osf.io/xur76, registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/8UAF3).
Keywords
Abbreviations:
CHD (coronary heart disease), CVD (cardiovascular disease), GRADE (Grading of Recommendations), Assessment (Development and Evaluations), MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 22, 2021
Accepted:
May 11,
2021
Received in revised form:
May 8,
2021
Received:
March 4,
2021
Handling Editor: A. SianiIdentification
Copyright
© 2021 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
